|
Annius of Viterbo ((ラテン語:Joannes Annius Viterb(i)ensis); c. 1432 – 13 November 1502) was an Italian Dominican friar, scholar, and historian, born Giovanni Nanni (Nenni) in Viterbo. He is now remembered for his fabrications. He entered the Dominican Order early in life. He obtained the degree of Master of Theology from the ''studium generale'' at Santa Maria sopra Minerva, the forerunner of the College of Saint Thomas and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum''. He served as lector at the ''studium'' sometime before 1466.〔 Riccardo Fubini, (''NANNI, Giovanni'' ) Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 77 (2012) 〕 He was highly esteemed by Sixtus IV and Alexander VI; the latter made him Master of the Sacred Palace in 1499. As a linguist, he spuriously claimed to be skilled in the Oriental languages. Walter Stephens〔in ''Giants in Those Days'' (1989), p. 131.〕 says: "His expertise in Semitic philology, once celebrated even by otherwise sober ecclesiastical historians, was entirely fictive." Annius also claimed to be able to read Etruscan. In perhaps his most elaborate pseudo-archeological charade, in the autumn of 1493 he undertook a well-publicized dig at Viterbo, during which marble statues of some of the most dramatic of the mythical figures associated with the city's ''legendarium'' appeared to be unearthed; they had all been "salted" in the site beforehand.〔Roberto Weiss, ''The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity'' (1969:114).〕 ==Works== He is best known for his ''Antiquitatum Variarum'', originally titled the ''Commentaria super opera diversorum auctorum de antiquitatibus loquentium''〔First published in Rome: Eucharius Silber, 1498. The pages of this edition can be accessed in the (Biblioteca Virtual de Andalucía ).〕 (''Commentaries on the Works of Various Authors Discussing Antiquity'') and often known as ''the Antiquities of Annius''. In this work, he published alleged writings and fragments of several pre-Christian Greek and Latin profane authors, destined to throw an entirely new light on ancient history. He claimed to have discovered them at Mantua. Among his numerous other writings were ''De futuris Christianorum triumphis in Turcos et Saracenos'' (''Future Triumphs of the Christians over the Turks and the Saracens''), a commentary on the Apocalypse, dedicated to Sixtus IV, to Christian kings, princes, and governments,〔Genoa, 1480〕 and ''Tractatus de imperio Turcorum''〔Published in Genoa, 1480〕 (''The Empire of the Turks''). The author claims that Mohammad is the Antichrist, and that the end of the world will take place when the Christians will have overcome the Jews and the Muslims, an event which did not appear to him to be far distant. One influential suggestion he made was that the genealogy of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew applied to Joseph, while that in the Gospel of Luke was Mary's. The more important of his unpublished works are: * ''Volumen libris septuaginta distinctum de antiquitatibus et gestis Etruscorum''; * ''De correctione typographica chronicorum''; * ''De dignitate officii Magistri Sacri Palatii'' (''On the Esteem of the Office of the Master of the Sacred Palace''); and lastly, * The ''Chronologia Nova'', in which he undertakes to correct the anachronisms in the writings of Eusebius of Caesarea. He was notorious for his text depicting the history and topography of ancient Rome from the "most ancient" authors. His ''Auctores vetustissimi'' printed at Rome, 1498, was an anthology of seventeen purportedly classical texts, all of which he had written himself, with which he embarks in the gigantic attempt to write a universal history of the post-diluvian West civilization, where the Etruscan people and the town of Viterbo/Etruria, custodian of the original knowledge of divine nature, takes on the leading role in the march of the Man towards the future. Annio's map of Rome as founded by Romulus is a loose interpretation of one of his own forgeries. It prominently features Vicus Tuscus, the home of the Etruscans, whom Annio and his fellow Viterbans claimed as their ancestors. Part of the forgeries were motivated by a desire to prove that Viterbo was the site of the Etruscan Fanum Voltumnae. In a defense of the papal lending institution, the Monte di Pietà, published c. 1495 under the title ''Pro Monte Pietatis'', Annio contributed the essay ''Questiones due disputate super mutuo iudaico & ciuili & diuino'', arguing against the usury of the Jews.〔dated from Viterbo, 8 May 1492 (Rhodes)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Annio da Viterbo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|